The AAP recognizes drug abuse as one of the greatest problems facing children and adolescents and condemns all such use. Diagnostic testing for drugs of abuse is often an integral part of the pediatrician's evaluation and management of those suspected of drug use. Voluntary screening is the term applied to many mass screening programs not based on suspicion. However, many such programs may not be truly voluntary, because those who choose not to take part often experience negative consequences. Participation in such programs should not be a prerequisite to participation in school activities. Involuntary drug testing is inappropriate in adolescents with decision making capacity, even with parental consent, and should be performed only with strong medical or legal reasons. The AAP reaffirms its position that the appropriate response to the suspicion of drug abuse in a young person is the referral to a qualified health care professional for comprehensive evaluation. 16 references (Author abstract modified)