The paper reviews publications relating to pregnancy outcome of voluntary volatile solvent abuse from a computerized literature search and a review of Cumulated Index Medicus for the years 1976 to 1993. In addition, the paper briefly reviews reports on involuntary exposure. The studies are reviewed regarding such factors as congenital defects and spontaneous abortions. Findings do not demonstrate a discrete fetal solvent syndrome (Toluene Embryopathy). Three major factors complicate an understanding of the toxic and teratogenic effects of voluntary volatile solvent exposure: (1) the presence of multiple toxic substances in volatile solvents; (2) the varying acute and chronic effects among abusers; and (3) the varying effects connected with frequency of use and manner of inhalation. More detailed information about maternal and paternal alcohol, tobacco, and other substance abuse as well as specific volatile solvent use and occupational exposure may be helpful in future research. Tables, references