The theoretical basis for the therapeutic community goes back more than 125 years; the structural basis for this treatment technique goes back to the 1940's. An effective therapeutic community requires the creation of a safe, secure, and therapeutic setting in which men in treatment can build relationships that will promote emotional and cognitive growth and change. Correctional therapeutic communities vary greatly. They are influenced by the attitude and support of the administration, the quality of the treatment staff, the acceptance of the program by correctional officers, the facility layout, and the sex offenders themselves. The crucial elements of a therapeutic community are adequate funding, supportive correctional administrators, a strong treatment model, good treatment staff, trained correctional staff, expert clinical supervision, an adequate facility, and a clear philosophy and policy. Basic components include primary therapy groups, psychoeducational classes, specialty groups, and community meetings. 6 references