The interpretive framework used by the Foundation addresses issues of problem definition, program development, and program implementation. It advises that problem definition should be specific to the service area and that it should be based on theoretical perspectives or causal models that are compatible with the proposed intervention. Further, planners must realize that much is already known about program effectiveness; a review of relevant evaluation studies should precede program design and selection. Also, the development and application of programs should consider youth violence as a distinct phenomenon that varies in severity, etiology, and conditions of enactment; programs that may be effective at one level of severity may be inappropriate at another. An understanding of the dynamics and psychosocial complexity of youth violence can highlight developmental opportunities for prevention and intervention. The framework also advises that locating, defining, and prioritizing risk factors in the ecological context of family, community, and social welfare system provide precise and pragmatic guidance for program development and implementation. As a general strategy, planners and funders should determine which institutions can optimally use additional funds to enhance or adapt already effective programs. 45 references