Steps that can be taken to minimize litigation costs and burdens are categorized as follows: (1) steps correctional officials and attorneys general can take to avert litigation; and (2) steps courts, correctional officials, and attorneys general can take to process civil rights lawsuits of pro se prisoners more efficiently and effectively. Findings from 18 Federal districts in which measures have been implemented to limit burdens of litigation and results of mail and telephone surveys are described, and specific recommendations to guide Federal and State officials are offered. Supplemental information on prisoner grievances and lawsuits is contained in eight appendixes. Notes, tables, and figures