The previous chapters have described the components of multilevel, multimodal, school-based programs to prevent and respond to violence. School personnel who want to develop must understand that simplistic approaches will fail. A culture of violence exists due to individual skill deficits, domestic assault, poverty, racism, unemployment, inadequate classrooms, easy access to weapons and to alcohol and other drugs, alienation from a cultural heritage, lack of supervision and constructive activities, the related influences of institutions such as churches and the family, and media models of aggression. However, numerous actions such as schoolwide discipline plans and facility modifications can prevent violence. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of specific interventions. The existing research holds promise and indicates the need for coalitions to develop effective prevention and intervention programs to create safe schools.