Contrary to popular stereotypes, alcohol and drug abuse occurs at similar rates among poor and nonpoor women, and among white women and women of color. Major risk factors include childhood sexual or physical abuse, adult victimization by domestic violence, and a spouse or partner who abuses substances. Standard treatment programs are based on male processes of recovery, and there are enormous problems of access to treatment for women with minor children. Although most studies have found that white women and women of color use substances during pregnancy at similar rates, women of color are disproportionately tested for drug use and receive more child protective services interventions. Research findings indicate that prevention of substance abuse-related problems among women requires more than just education. The article discusses specific treatment programs for substance-abusing women, particularly those of childbearing age, and programs aimed at preventing substance abuse among women. References