The introductory chapter reviews the change in program philosophy that occurred in the transition from first-generation to second-generation substance abuse prevention programs. It notes that whereas the first generation of programs focused on attributes of individual youth that affect their behavior, the second generation of programs has emphasized a comprehensive effort that addresses a multitude of family, community, and school factors that may directly or indirectly relate to drug abusing behavior. The substance abuse prevention programs described and evaluated in this book are demonstration programs designed to address the multiple needs of minority youth who must deal with distinctive factors that influence their lives. The settings for the programs include high-crime urban areas and Indian reservations. The evaluations are based in the logic model developed by the staff of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The logic model is a conceptual framework that links analytically the problems or factors that are considered to have an impact on the incidence of substance abuse, the proposed project's strategies to reduce specific risk factors and/or enhance specific protective factors, the plan to implement the strategies, and the anticipated outcome. The papers presented in this book illustrate various aspects of the logic model. Some authors focus on the design and implementation phases of the model, and other authors explicate the selection of strategies relative to the correlates or risk factors for substance abuse found in any of the following domains: the individual, the family, the school, the peer group, the work place, and the community. These papers focus on the outcome findings from the demonstration programs. For individual chapters, see NCJ-173078-87. Chapter tables, figures, and references and a subject index