These programs have developed unusually comprehensive approaches to preparing ex-offenders for the workplace. Evaluations of these programs' effectiveness in improving clients' educational scores, helping them find permanent jobs, and reducing recidivism are limited in scope. After reviewing each of the three programs' effectiveness, this paper presents the available evidence regarding their effectiveness in placing ex-offenders in unsubsidized jobs in order to reduce recidivism. The three programs have many features in common that can be easily replicated, particularly the basic services of life-skills training, job-preparation skills, job placement, social support, and follow-up assistance; however, unique circumstances helped each of these programs become established and succeed. The evidence suggests that programs similar to the three assessed can place a large number of ex-offenders in jobs; however, to date there is incomplete evidence that these types of programs are effective in helping large numbers of ex-offenders to remain employed and avoid recidivism; nevertheless, the programs hold sufficient promise of achieving these goals to warrant replication, accompanied by evaluation, as one component of a comprehensive effort to reduce recidivism. 4 figures and 11 references