A review of the history of lie detection, the polygraph, and psychophysiological veracity (PV) examinations is followed by a discussion of the research and scientific status of PV examinations. Consideration of the physiology underlying the basis of the polygraph focuses on the measurement of the autonomic nervous system and its meaning for deception. A chapter on the evolution of the PV examination is followed by a chapter that addresses the setting for a PV examination. Other chapters discuss the identification of problem areas through basic principles of psychology; the formulation, review, presentation, a assurance of intended interpretation of test questions critical to examination results; and the numerical approach and zone comparison tests. Another chapter addresses the analysis, interpretation, and numerical quantification of physiological data recorded on polygraph charts. Also considered are the computerized polygraph system, the Matte Control Question Validation, and the clinical approach to psychophysiological veracity. Included as well are a compendium of control questions, various tests in use, and the effects of drugs in PV examinations. Some mental, physical, and pharmaceutical countermeasures deceptive subjects may use to "fool" the polygraph by changing "normal" physiological reactions are discussed. Legal aspects of polygraph examinations are addressed, along with the use of PV examinations in sex-offense cases and in the application of the Employee Polygraph Protection Act. Appended sample forms, glossary of terms, subject index, and 109 figures