Computer-based photo simulations were used to create realistic images of various landscape treatments for the courtyard. Residents were asked to rate various tree planting densities and placement and levels of grass maintenance in terms of their preferences and fears. Although tree placement had no effect on preference and little effect on sense of safety, both tree density and grass maintenance had strong effects on preference and sense of safety. Surprisingly, tree density and grass maintenance increased both preference and sense of safety. The authors conclude trees and grass maintenance can facilitate crime prevention in inner-city neighborhoods. Implications of the findings for mitigating negative environmental effects of urban development, promoting the physical and psychological health of inner-city residents, and preventing vandalism and destruction are discussed. 45 references, 5 notes, 2 tables, and 8 figures