The model can be a component within a comprehensive outpatient treatment program for cocaine addiction or can be offered independently of other treatments. Twelve-step philosophy and participation represent a central component of the model. The treatment philosophy's two elements are endorsement of the disease model and emphasis on the spiritual dimension of recovery. The manual's introduction summarizes the research data that support the model, the treatment philosophy, the contributions of the 12-step approach, the role of self-help groups, and the role of significant others in treatment. The next section provides an overview of this counseling approach, compares addiction counseling and psychotherapy, discusses similar and dissimilar approaches, and notes that this counseling approach is compatible with most other treatments. Further chapters focus on the logistical aspects, including the frequency and duration of sessions, the duration of treatment, the target population, and the setting; assessment using the addiction severity index and biological assays; and the role of the addiction counselor. Further chapters cover the individual drug counseling model, treatment initiation, early abstinence, maintaining abstinence, advanced recovery, methods of dealing with problems such as nonattendance or denial, counselor characteristics and training, and supervision. Case examples, checklists, sample materials, appended form for rating a counseling session, and 31 references