The analysis also focused on the histories of black gangs in Los Angeles from the late 1940's to the early 1970's, when the contemporary black gangs emerged. The number of black gang territories increased from 18 in 1972 to 274 in 1996. The gang territories grew spatially to cover more than 62 square miles by 1996. The most hostile gang graffiti was prevalent on the territorial boundaries of gangs. However, gang-related homicides did not occur at high frequencies at these boundaries. Findings suggested that the number of black gangs in Los Angeles has reached its peak, because several of the gangs are losing their turf to Hispanic gangs. Ethnic fighting among gangs is occurring in several areas. Findings suggest that the number of black gangs and gang territories and the numbers of gang members will begin to decline in the next decade and that the Hispanic gang population will supersede black gang membership. In addition, black outmigration from current gang areas in to suburban areas and adjacent counties may add to the gang situation in these areas. Research recommendations, figures, tables, photographs, and 118 references