In this part of the world, use of a homemade opiate made from poppy plants is common. The advance of AIDS has been associated with increasing use of this drug. However, NSEPs might be less effective in this setting than in the West; with a liquid drug, virus transmission may occur through sharing or selling of the drug itself, even when each user has his/her own works and never shares them with others. NSEPs can be difficult to evaluate, however, particularly where users are stigmatized. This article proposes methods to assess the community impact of NSEPs by evaluating syringes, not users. These methods involve labeling, tracking, and enumeration of syringes, as well as the testing of syringes for parenterally transmissible virus (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus). They allow for estimation of the total number of syringes in circulation, the average time each syringe spends circulating among users, and the rate of virus exposure among users. Examples are given of the implementation of these methods in Poland, with assessments of the community impact of local NSEPs there. 42 references