The majority of inmates in developing countries are petty offenders; more than half of the inmates in many countries are pre-trial prisoners. Many convicted offenders and defendants awaiting trial are in overcrowded, disease-ridden prison cells with scanty food and no access to health care. Death rates in prison are high in some countries. The movement for the establishing alternatives to prison in developing countries has broad significance, not just for the developing countries themselves, but also for the Western world, where prison populations are growing and public support for alternatives to prison is weak. The process of developing alternatives demonstrates the need for a strong commitment from the government, for an appreciation of the impacts of crime on victims, and for a multidisciplinary effort led by judicial organizations. Also needed are a long process of preparation, high-quality implementation, and continued management and supervision after the initial period. Figure; table; chapter reference notes; and appended reference information and guidelines on legislation, administration, and evaluation