An extensive amount of criminological research has focused on the relationship between the inability of adolescents to achieve financial success or middle-class status through legitimate channels and their subsequent involvement in delinquency. This genre of research is commonly recognized as structural-strain theory. In testing this theory, this study used a sample of 8,338 adolescents from a southern State. A structural equations model was used to test a hypothesized sequence that ultimately leads to delinquent behavior. The authors believe that this method is more appropriate than more traditional methods (e.g., multiple regression) for investigating some of the linkages specified in previous strain models. Independent variables were gender, poverty status, perceived blocked opportunity, gang membership, and violent activities construct. The study results support structural-strain theory, although the hypothesized model has more predictive power among European-American than African-American youth. Explanations are given for these differential findings, and recommendations for future studies are offered. 4 tables, 10 notes, and 39 references