The report concludes that one of the most significant factors responsible for the escalating levels of imprisonment in Queensland since 1993 has been the decline in the use of community-based orders, either direct-from-court (community service and probation) or post-release (parole, home detention, etc.). Correctional practices have further contributed to the increase in prisoner populations by slowing the progress of prisoners through their sentence, which has increased the length of stay. This has been caused by internal factors (policy/procedures) as well as external factors such as changes in the Queensland Community Corrections Board. Other factors that have contributed to inmate population increases are the number of fine defaulters being processed through the system due to the increased execution of warrants by the police; levels of recidivism; and the number of persons being proceeded against for the enforcement of order offenses. Changes in recorded crime and general population growth have had only a modest impact on inmate populations. Policy recommendations pertain to the greater use of community-based orders, changes in release practices, a reduction in the number of fine defaulters in prison, and a reduction in recidivism levels. Extensive tables and figures and a 32-item bibliography