Franklin said he shot publisher Larry Flynt, and civil rights leader Vernon Jordan, and committed a 1977 murder outside a synagogue. Lewis and Pincus have testified for the defense in more than 12 criminal cases and have published studies that have outlined the medical and psychiatric histories of violent offenders. They believe that the most vicious criminals are overwhelmingly people with some combination of abusive childhoods, brain injuries, and psychotic symptoms, especially paranoia. They also believe that each problem individual has no connection to criminality but that these factors together somehow create a synergy that impedes’ these individuals ability to control their behavior. In addition, newer studies have begun to explain the reasons why brain dysfunction and child abuse can have such negative effects. These findings have implications for crime prevention and the administration of criminal justice.