The report focuses on essential elements of an effective mentoring program, mentoring costs, and the role of volunteers in mentoring programs. The report also considers lessons learned from mentoring programs and identifies specific benefits of one-on-one and group mentoring. The impact of mentoring on young people is addressed, and consideration is paid to mentor recruitment. Effective mentoring programs are described and evaluated, mentoring costs are assessed, and a national survey of adults mentoring young people is presented. Four mentoring models for the 21st century are examined that include school-based, hospital-based, sponsor-a-scholar, and one-on-one models. References, notes, tables, figures, and photographs