The ability of DOI investigators to trace financial transactions and the procurement of goods and services has added to the DOI's arsenal of corruption fighting techniques and has specifically complemented the use of undercover operations and surveillance. Elements comprising fraud are summarized, types of fraud most common to corruption investigations are examined, and case studies of corruption investigations undertaken by the DOI's Procurement Fraud Unit are briefly described. The authors believe there are red flags of fraud in the procurement process, based on the cited case studies, and indicate being aware of these red flags will help to minimize vulnerabilities in the procurement process. 2 notes