The Court held in Bond v. United States that a police officer’s physical manipulation of a bus passenger’s carry-on luggage was a search and therefore governed by the Fourth Amendment. The Court held in Illinois v. Wardlow that a police officer’s initial stop of a suspect was supported by reasonable suspicion because the suspect was both present in an area of expected criminal activity and fled upon seeing the police. The Court held in Florida v. J.L. that an anonymous tip that a person is carrying a gun does not justify a police officer’s stop and frisk of that person in the absence of more information. The Court held in Dickerson v. United States that the decision of Miranda v. Arizona is a constitutional decision of the Court that an Act of Congress cannot overrule. The Court also reaffirmed in this decision that Miranda governs the admissibility of statements made during custodial interrogation in both State and Federal courts. Photographs and reference notes