The recognition of mental health needs among youth, the prevalence of mental health disorders among youth, and emerging strategies and models to deal with mental health issues among youth in the juvenile justice system have come to the forefront on both the Federal and State level. These are relevant to discussions on how to improve the field’s understanding and response to mental health needs of juveniles. Although this review deals with youth in the juvenile justice system as a whole, research on variations in prevalence, needs, and types of treatment services must also consider issues surrounding particular populations, such as minority youth and youthful female offenders. Several critical points are made: (1) a large number of youth who come in contact with the system require mental health treatment; (2) there is a growing recognition of the needs and the inadequate assessments and services provided; and (3) a set of clear strategies and useful models and tools are emerging. References.