U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.

NCJRS Virtual Library

The Virtual Library houses over 235,000 criminal justice resources, including all known OJP works.
Click here to search the NCJRS Virtual Library

Enhancement of an Insufficient Dye-Formation in the Ninhydrin Reaction by a Suitable Post Treatment Process

NCJ Number
187610
Journal
Journal of Forensic Sciences Volume: 46 Issue: 2 Dated: March 2001 Pages: 288-293
Author(s)
Ute Ramminger; Ulrich Nickel; Bernd Geide
Date Published
March 2001
Length
6 pages
Annotation
Ninhydrin, as well as some of its derivates, reacts with amino acids to yield a purple colored product known as Ruhemann's Purple; for almost 50 years this reaction has been used for the detection of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces; however, the results obtained after treating a sample with ninhydrin are often unsatisfactory; this paper first proves by means of a model system the assumption that often a large portion of the amino acid may not be used to form the desired dye; the reasons are explained, and then the paper shows that a suitable post-treatment process may result in a strong increase of the dye density, also for real fingerprints.
Abstract
A study of the reaction between ninhydrin and alanine has been conducted, taking into account that, adhered on the surface of a dry porous medium such as paper, a quasi-heterogenous reaction must occur. Instead of amino acids released from human sweat glands, aqueous solutions of alanine were taken to deliver a given amount of amino acid to the sample. The dye density, obtained after using a standard development process, could noticeably be increased by setting a drop of water on the dye dot, thus indicating that not all the alanine had been used for dye formation during the usually applied process. The incomplete reaction can be explained by the problem of bringing the reactants into contact with each other when both are in the solid phase in the porous surrounding. The temporary presence of water allows a re-orientation of the insoluble reactants. With fingerprints, an increase in both the rate of development and the final dye density could be obtained when the sample was post-treated after the developing process with the blank solvent, such that the background coloration could be decreased. The ideas presented in this paper may form the basis for a modification of developing processes with ninhydrin in order to increase the proportion of amino acids present (in the sample) used in dye formation without data loss. 7 figures and 17 references