The non-white and Latin populations in our State and Federal prisons are increasing at greater rates than the white and non-Latin populations, and the number of incarcerated women is outpacing that of men. The total Latin inmate population increased by 54 percent from 1990 to 1996; with the number of Latino women increasing by 71 percent. In addition, black and Latin inmates are acquiring HIV infection at higher rates then white inmates. This study focuses on the crucial need to understand the Latino woman's needs and concerns related to HIV infection and to enhance education programs to address these specific concerns. Focus group interviews were conducted with four groups of incarcerated women (Black, White, Latina, and HIV positive) to provide in-depth information on their HIV-related needs and concerns. In addition, a specific awareness developed around the impact of race, ethnicity, and culture. The interviews suggested that the ability of correctional systems to address HIV infection among Latin populations, especially women, may be limited. Correctional policies may be constrained by traditional Latin culture and gender, including the cultural concepts of machismo ( a characteristic where the Latino men exert control over others, especially women) and marianismo (the expectation that exalts chastity and subservience, and equates womanhood with motherhood) and a strong belief in Catholicism (forbidding the use of condoms). Cultural and religious values strongly affected these women's behaviors, attitudes and beliefs. This culturally ingrained value system has negative implications for the prevention of HIV infection among Latin populations. Suggestions are made to use Latin peer educators to discuss how certain behaviors are viewed as risky, as well as programs focused on increasing the inmates perceived level of self-control by teaching preventative measures and empowerment strategies with necessary community support. References