This book examines the science of current forensic DNA typing methods focusing on the biology and technology behind short tandem repeat (STR) markers and the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. It is also intended to aid forensic DNA laboratories in meeting training requirements stated in the DNA Advisory Board Quality Assurance Standards striving to improve the quality of work performed in forensic laboratories. The book is divided into two primary sections covering biology and technology of STR markers. The first few chapters offer an introduction to those who are less familiar with DNA or as a review for others. The biology section covers chapters 2 through 8. Chapter 2 provides basic information on DNA structure and function and Chapter 3 covers the processes involved in preparing samples for DNA amplification via the polymerase chain reaction, discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 focuses on the 13 commonly used STR markers in the United States today. Chapter 6 discusses the biology of STR markers and Chapter 7 discusses issues unique to the forensic DNA community and impacting forensic casework. Chapter 8, the last chapter in the biology section, discusses additional markers in use today with STRs to aid in human identification. The technology section covers chapters 9 through 16. Chapter 9 discusses DNA separations using slab gel and capillary electrophoresis. Chapter 10 looks into the fluorescent detection methods featuring fluorescent dyes used today. DNA analysis instruments used in forensic laboratories are discussed in Chapters 11 and 12. Chapter 11 covers the ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer and Chapter 12 reviews the Hitachi FMBIO II Fluorescence Imaging System. Chapter 13 focuses on issues surrounding genotyping of STR results. Laboratory validation and quality assurance of DNA analysis is covered in Chapter 14. Chapter 15 reviews new DNA analysis technologies, such as mass spectrometry and microchips. Chapter 16, the final chapter on technology, discusses the use of computer DNA databases to solve crimes. The book’s final chapter covers DNA information involved in high profile cases such as O.J. Simpson and the Thomas Jefferson evidence. Appendices 1 through 4, subject index