The detection and assessment of self-mutilation pose significant clinical challenges. Self-mutilation can range from superficial to severe and can be distinguished from more lethal suicidal behavior which receives more clinical attention. This paper discussed the complexities involved in identifying self-mutilation behaviors, examined a variety of clinical correlates related to self-mutilation, discussed important assessment considerations, and explained a framework for evaluating those at high risk for perpetrating acts of self-mutilation. Major conclusions included: (1) self-mutilation can be differentiated from suicidal behavior; (2) self-mutilation is more common than once supposed; and (3) self-mutilation is reliably associated with multiple clinical correlates, including dissociation, impulsivity, childhood trauma, affective disorders, and borderline personality disorder. References