Researchers conducted a national survey of more than 1,000 agency executives, reviewed the materials of more than 250 agencies, spoke with citizens and practitioners in a series of focus groups held around the country, conducted a literature review, and conferred with subject-matter experts in various topic areas. The study also integrated comments from discussions among police chiefs at national meetings of the Police Executive Research Forum. In addition, the project benefited from the guidance of an advisory board composed of respected law enforcement agency executives, U.S. Justice Department personnel, community activists, and civil rights leaders. These resources assisted in the identification of six key response areas: departmental accountability and supervision, policy, recruitment and hiring, education and training, minority community outreach, and data collection. Key themes underlie the recommendations developed. First, racially biased policing is basically a human rights issue. Second, racially biased policing is not solely a law enforcement problem, but rather a problem that can be solved only through police-citizen partnerships based on mutual trust and respect. Third, police personnel throughout the Nation want to respond effectively to local and national concerns regarding racially biased policing. 84 references