This statement defines "sexual assault" as including "multiple types of forced or inappropriate sexual activity." A review of the prevalence of the sexual assault of adolescents shows that nationwide adolescents continue to have the highest rates of rape and other sexual assault of any age group. Studies have shown that two-thirds to three-fourths of all adolescent rapes and sexual assaults are perpetrated by an acquaintance or relative of the adolescent. The pediatrician who is involved in the management of adolescents who are the victims of sexual assault should be trained in the forensic procedures required for documentation and collection of evidence or should refer to an emergency department or rape crisis center where there are personnel experienced with adolescent rape victims. It is essential that the forensic examination be performed by a person who can ensure an unbroken chain of evidence and accurate documentation of findings. The diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted diseases is an important component of the treatment of the assault victim. Pregnancy prevention and postcoital contraception should be addressed with every adolescent female rape and sexual assault victim. Current recommendations are to provide prophylactic treatment for Chlamydia infection and gonorrhea to adolescent sexual assault victims and to provide prophylaxis for pregnancy prevention. Because victim responses to rape can vary, it is important for pediatricians to not only manage the physical needs of the victim, but also to be sensitive to the psychological needs of the victim. Regarding prevention, adolescents must be able to identify high-risk situations and be encouraged to seek medical care after a rape. Factors that may increase the likelihood of assault and strategies to prevent rape should be discussed, and associated educational materials should be distributed. The screening of adolescents for sexual victimization should be part of a routine history. 56 references