The authors argue for the need to outline important theoretical, epistemological, and methodological prerequisites in the analysis of the complex dynamic developmental processes involved in dependency problems. The dynamic process leading to dependence can be studied by the aid of an artificial science neural network approach in combination with a mixed method strategy that includes a clarification of a combination of various epistemological positions. With the aid of the neural network approach, researchers can analyze the interaction pattern of crucial bio-psycho-social factors that may result in a drug dependency. The empirical output of this complex strategy is intended to provide a starting point for a new theoretical analysis which, in turn, will lead to new and more relevant input variables in the neural network approach that will help to extend knowledge of the dynamic processes that lead to drug dependency. The authors conclude that the theoretical perspective and empirical data analyzed in this special issue is of great concern for an understanding of long-term tranquilizer use as an example of drug dependency. The insights provided can result in the formulation of practical, therapeutic, and preventive strategies that can help improve response to drug problems in the future. 97 references