The first section of the paper provides information on the structure and function of human cells, including central-nervous-system (CNS) cells, neurons, and glial cells. This is followed by a discussion of the neuropsychology of human behaviors. After listing the DSM-IV disorders associated with impulsive behaviors, the authors advise that what these disorders have in common is a dysregulation in the neurotransmission between the neocortex and the greater limbic system. Some of these disorders are due to genetic factors, and other are self-induced, such as through substance abuse. The new computerized brain scanning technologies have yielded improved insights into these behaviors and provided new advances in clinical psychopharmacology to better treat these conditions. In addressing impulsive disorders among inmates, the first challenge is to determine the presence of such a disorder during initial intake and classification, with attention to distinguishing between transitory and pervasive disorders. Transitory disorders lend themselves to effective treatments, including psychopharmacology and cognitive behavioral therapies. The pervasive mental illnesses, notably those that are genetic, are more complex to treat and require a clinical consultation for long-term treatment, as well as staff training in how to control the environment so as to reduce or eliminate the "triggers" that may exacerbate the acute stage of these illnesses. Support groups, although strongly indicated within the correctional environment, should not be used as a substitute for viable clinical treatment modalities. 21 references