The first step in preparing for communication is to be sure of the information that is to be communicated. This may involve preparatory research that is accurate and timely. Next, when communicating the information in the presence of an audience, focus on the message, and do not preplan dramatic gestures. Concentrating on the message will lead to gestures and body movements that are spontaneous and flow naturally from the content of the communication. It is important to make eye contact with everyone concerned (5 seconds per person is sufficient). Stand with feet about 12-16 inches apart, with arms hanging down in a relaxed position ready to be used in natural gestures as points are emphasized. Be prepared for questions, and rephrase each question from the audience prior to answering it. Do not fake an answer. Say, "I don't know," and offer to obtain the information requested. Do not be diverted from the central topic by irrelevant questions. Use visual aids whenever possible; this involves testing any equipment required for using such aids. When using visual aids, the room should not be totally dark, so the audience can take notes. The presentation should use words and basic concepts that can be understood by the particular audience receiving the communication. This involves obtaining prior knowledge of the nature and size of the group. When closing, summarize the major points of the communication and remain accessible after finishing the formal presentation for informal conversations with individual members of the audience.