With increasing frequency, relatively small, fragmentary evidence thought to be human osseous or dental tissue is being submitted to forensic laboratories for DNA analysis for a positive identification. Prior to performing DNA analysis, however, a presumptive test or "screen" should be performed to determine whether the submitted material is consistent with bone/teeth. If it is not, then DNA testing is not performed. Such a presumptive test can be done by applying SEM/EDS in conjunction with a FBI X-ray spectral database that includes spectra from many different materials. These include known examples of bone and tooth from may different contexts and representing the full range of taphonomic conditions. Results of SEM/EDS analysis of evidence can be compared to these standards to determine whether they are consistent with bone and/or teeth; and if not, indicate what the material might be. Analysis suggests that although the proportions and amounts of calcium and phosphorous are particularly important in differentiating bones and teeth from other materials, other minor differences in spectral profile can also provide significant distinctions. Bones and teeth can be distinguished from other materials in most cases, with the possible exceptions of ivory, mineral apatite, and some types of corals. 1 illustrative figure and 4 references