A total of 45 inmates, ages 21-52, with Swedish as their native language were interviewed and administered academic achievement tests, neuropsychological assessment, and personality questionnaires. Twenty-eight (62 percent) of the inmates were diagnosed with dyslexia, a proportion in line with the authors' previous study. Childhood hyperactivity was reported by 25 (55 percent) of the inmates; and it persisted into adulthood for half of these subjects. No differences between the dyslexic and non-dyslexic inmates were found regarding personality disorders. Previous findings of a socially deviant personality pattern among AD/HD inmates was replicated in the current study. When controlling for comorbid AD/HD, only 1 of 15 personality traits covaried with dyslexia, i.e., "suspicion." The results of this replication study, along with the findings of the first study of dyslexia in prison inmates, shows that a substantial number of the Swedish prison inmates have reading and writing difficulties. This indicates the need for remediation of these difficulties as a means of facilitating the inmates' reintegration into society. The fact that approximately half of the inmates had childhood AD/HD explains why poor language skills can be used to identify boys at risk of delinquent behavior. The findings emphasize the need for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD/HD as well as dyslexia. 3 tables and 34 references