Since the later half of the 20th century, a policy of deinstitutionalization has resulted in the release of an increasing number of persons with mental illness into the community. Perhaps as a result, a growing number of prisoners in local, State, and Federal prisons are found to have mental illness problems. Further, current criminal justice policies on reintegration back into society rarely distinguish between inmates with mental illness from the general population of inmates. Thus, offenders with mental illness are released into the community at the same rate as other offenders. In order to examine the short-term community outcomes of offenders with mental illness who were released from incarceration, the author explored both the mental health and criminal justice histories of 247 offenders released from incarceration in Massachusetts. Data examined included sociodemographic information, mental health, criminal history, and service variables across a range of outcome categories that focused on those offenders who were reinstitutionalized or reincarcerated. Findings revealed that in comparison to mentally ill offenders who remained in the community, those who were reincarcerated were more likely released from misdemeanor sentences and those who were reinstitutionalized were more likely released from felony sentences. The author notes that these mentally ill offenders who are reincarcerated are more likely to look like typical offenders in that they are likely substance abusers who are involved with an array of social services and criminal activities. However, unlike the typical offender, these offenders are more likely to be female. In conclusion, the author notes that this study has implications for criminal justice policies that result in the continued processing of mentally ill offenders through the criminal justice system and mental health institutions. References