The authors note that the fact of a single record keeper maintaining an uninterrupted record of homicide data for 60 years constitutes an important new resource for the study of crime, homicide, urban development, and the police themselves. This long record of cases from a jurisdiction of historical importance has become a lens through which to view the growth and history of Chicago. Because these crimes became cases, these records can also be the foundation for a study of courts and the legal system as well. In a section on America and Chicago during 1870-1930, this paper discusses immigration and emigration; newspapers and the political and intellectual climate of the times; labor issues, civil and political unrest, and the role of the courts; technological change and industrial development; and poverty, public health, racial segregation, and the vice districts. A section of the paper also discusses contemporaneous criminological research and political reform efforts. The discussion addresses research by contemporaneous commissions on crime, "vice," and civic corruption; the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology and the Founding of the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology; and the criminology of the period (official reports on crime and vice). Another section of this paper provides overviews of the 1911 Chicago Vice Commission Report, the 1915 Chicago City Council Report of Crime, and the 1929 Illinois Crime Survey. The concluding section of the paper addresses corruption in law enforcement and city government as a manifestation of a "culture of lawlessness." 4 figures, 1 table, appended methodology and research protocols and 5 supplementary tables