At the end of 2000, there were 5,779 drug offenders under Federal jurisdiction in Canada; most of these offenders were from the Quebec and Ontario regions. Of these drug offenders, 2,548 were incarcerated in Federal institutions at the end of 2000, approximately half of whom were held in medium-security facilities. Another 3,231 were on conditional release. Data on drug offender admissions, releases, and time served are also presented. A comparison of male and female drug offenders is offered, with differences noted in criminal history. Male offenders serving time for drug trafficking tended to have more extensive criminal histories than their female counterparts, and male drug importers were more likely than female drug importers to have an adult criminal history. Male and female differences at admission are discussed and drug offender needs at conditional release are identified. The authors note that male drug offenders entering the correctional system display problems in the area of associations whereas female drug offenders entering the system have problems with employment and family or martial relations. Tables, notes