The proposed concise definition of "biometrics" is "the automatic recognition of a person using distinguishing traits." "Identification" occurs when the biometric system asks and attempts to answer the question, "Who is X?" In this process, the biometric device reads a sample and compares that sample against every record or template in the database. "Verification" occurs when the biometric system asks and attempts to answer the question, "Is this X?" when the user claims to be X. In a verification application, the biometric system requires input from the user, at which time the user claims his/her identity through a password, token, or user name. This user input points the system to a template in the database. Biometric systems may focus on scans of the eye iris and retina, facial recognition, speaker/voice recognition, fingerprint, hand/finger geometry, dynamic signature verification, and keystroke dynamics. This brief focuses on facial recognition, through which the biometrics system records the spatial geometry of distinguishing features of the face. Facial recognition has been used in projects to identify card counters or other undesirables in casinos, shoplifters in stores, criminals, and terrorists in urban areas. This brief concludes that facial recognition is not a perfect technology, and it requires much technical work before it becomes a viable tool for countering terrorism and crime. The technology, however, is improving and has significant potential. Until the technology becomes reliable, policymakers in consultation with representatives of the public should decide how such technology can be used in a way that will not threaten individual privacy rights. During the 2003 Virginia General Assembly, House Bill No. 454 (included as an appendix in this brief) passed the House of Delegates and is pending in the Senate Courts of Justice Committee while the Virginia State Crime Commission examines it. This legislation would set legal parameters for public-sector use of facial recognition technology in Virginia. 17 references