The work group was composed of participants from China, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, the Philippines, and Thailand. The work group was given the assignment of analyzing the causes of human smuggling, the operating methods of traffickers, the involvement of criminal groups in its execution, and existing countermeasures. The work group developed recommendations based on its discussions. This report on the work group's deliberations assesses the current state of international migration, illegal migration and human smuggling, the economics of human smuggling, smuggling routes, and the causes of human smuggling. A report on the operating methods of the organized criminal groups involved in human trafficking focuses on the deception of immigration officers and avoidance of immigration checkpoints. The involvement of criminals and organized criminal groups in smuggling is also considered. Other sections of this report address the problems of detection, investigation, prosecution, and punishment of the offense of human smuggling; countermeasures; immigration policy; and legislative issues. Recommendations are presented under the following topics: detecting, investigating, prosecuting, and punishing human smuggling; the provision of moral support, medical assistance, and financial support for the victims of human trafficking; and ways to counter the corruption of public officials linked with human trafficking.