Locus-of-control (Rotter, 1966) is conceptualized on a dynamic bipolar continuum that spans from internal to external. Internal locus-of-control involves the belief that consequences result from one's own behavior. This tends to produce proactive and adaptive behaviors. External locus-of-control, on the other hand, involves the belief that consequences result from fate, luck, or powerful others. This tends to produce reactive and avoidance behaviors and a reluctance to assume responsibility for one's own actions. Several studies have found that internal locus-of-control orientation provides a psychological buffer or protective feature that facilitates resiliency and relates to self-esteem and coping with stress, better verbal interactions, better self-concept, and a lower incidence of mental illness. External locus-of-control, on the other hand, has been found to relate to avoidant coping styles, more depression, and more anxiety. The current literature review found that internal locus-of-control relates to increased treatment participation, help-seeking behaviors, and positive treatment outcomes. External locus-of-control has been found to be related to poorer treatment participation and outcomes. Although there continues to be debate about whether locus-of-control is a dynamic or static personality trait, its measurement at any given time can be useful in predicting current amenability to treatment as well as the likely response to treatment interventions. 56 references