Various studies have provided clear evidence that properly designed and executed treatment programs do significantly reduce recidivism. Those that are most effective are intense, of 18-24 months minimum in duration, and continue support following release from custodial treatment. Other factors in program success are the selection of offenders who can assume responsibility and the program director's ability to deal with prison authorities; prospective employers; and clients who are suspicious, easily discouraged, and responsive to negative peer pressure. Cognitive approaches to the treatment of addictions have proven particularly effective. These approaches are based in the beliefs that individuals are responsible for and can manage their emotions and actions, that harmful emotions and behaviors stem from irrational thinking, that new thinking and behavior can be learned and practiced, and that success in the rational management of emotions and behaviors improves self-worth and satisfaction in life. Two types of cognitive therapy are described in some detail: logotherapy, which focuses on finding meaning in life; and the use of an "intensive journal," which involves reflections upon one's thoughts, behaviors, and interactions. Education is also emphasized as an important component of rehabilitation. 36 references