Since 1999, the Onondaga County probation Department has been implementing the concept of community supervision through such steps as the development of Community Reporting Offices, moving from an office-based service to a field-based program, and the development of numerous partnerships. The year 2004 showed a significant increase in the department's effort to develop partnerships with other law enforcement agencies, and efforts at juvenile justice reform continued in 2004 with two collaborations to enhance probation programs, particularly for 16 and 17 year old PINS (persons in need of supervision). Efforts to develop alternatives to placement outside the home have resulted in many families receiving intensive home-based services. Specialized programs have focused on persons convicted of driving while intoxicated and individuals convicted of crimes related to the sexual, physical, psychological, and emotional abuse of children and spouses. The department completed 4,166 presentence and social investigations in 2004, and 3,472 cases were under supervision at the end of 2004. A total of 411 new probation cases were received from Family Court for supervision, with 432 cases under supervision at year's end. A total of 1,683 new probation cases were received from criminal courts, and 3,040 cases were under supervision at the end of 2004. Of 1,061 violations of probation filed in criminal court, 673 were revoked. Of the 7,195 drug screens conducted in 2004, 658 tested positive for cocaine and 911 were positive for marijuana.