In an effort to build upon and extend previous research, this study was designed to replicate the theoretical model that specifies a causal role for care neglect, supervisory neglect, and harsh punitive discipline in the development of children’s anti-social behavior. The study consisted of 218 mothers and their child recruited at research in southeastern Iowa and north central Wisconsin. A number of factors were considered in developing indicators of the core constructs of care neglect, supervisory neglect, and harsh punitive discipline. A significant finding in the study was the systematic replication of an earlier test of the theoretical model advanced by Knutson in 2004. In the earlier test of the model, care neglect, supervisory neglect and harsh discipline were shown to play distinguishable roles in determining the impact of social and economic disadvantage on the development of children’s antisocial behavior. Overall, the results established the role of care neglect, supervisory neglect, and harsh punitive discipline as mediators of the role of social disadvantage in the development of children’s aggression. References