One of the features of the contemporary era of capital punishment in the United States is that those who receive death sentences reside on death row for significantly longer periods of time, and are spending these longer periods in Supermax units. In two recent cases (Comer v. Steward, 2000 and Miller v. Stewart, 2000), the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals raised the question about whether the conditions of confinement in Arizona’s supermaximum security housing unit for those awaiting death may be so oppressive that they were in essence compelling some inmates to volunteer to die. This paper examines the language of these cases and the legal events that follow in order to illustrate the meaning of punishment in the Federal courts of the American justice system. It is argued that the Federal courts have been instrumental, as well as in concert with State and Federal lawmakers and the public, in furthering an extreme penal regime in the United States, the Supermax death row. By using Supermax units for the condemned, States like Arizona are transforming those waiting to die from sociologically and psychologically rich human beings into a kind of untouchable toxic waste that need only be securely contained until disposal. Therefore, those subject to the end-of-life experience may well be made more pliable and willing to die as a result. Notes, references