Previous research has demonstrated a positive relationship between gender equity and female violent victimization and it has been proposed that this association is due to a backlash effect from increasing societal gender equity. The current study adds to this research literature by examining whether the positive relationship between gender equity and female violent victimization is conditioned by the strength of traditional masculine culture. Data on female homicide victimization were drawn from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Centers for Disease Control for the 3-year period 1998 through 2000, data on gender income equality were drawn from the Census 2000 Summary File 3, and data on masculine culture were drawn from the American Religion Data Archive 2003 and the National Rifle Association membership files; the State was the unit of analysis. Results of multivariate regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between gender income equality and White non-Hispanic female homicide victimization. However, the expected interaction effects were not observed, leading the authors to conclude that the positive relationship was due to other structural or cultural factors rather than traditional masculine culture. Study limitations are discussed. Tables, notes, references