Survey responses pertain to the ratification of the U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children; the investigation of cases of trafficking in humans; training and seminars on such trafficking; prevention and awareness-raising; the protection of witnesses and victims; coordination mechanisms; international cooperation; interagency cooperation; and lessons learned and new challenges. Survey responses were received from 37 member states and 4 organizations. Information was also obtained from relevant U.N. entities and international organizations. A significant number of member states reported having ratified or acceded to the Trafficking in Persons Protocol, many of which have adopted legislation specified in the Protocol; however, even with legislation in place, many governments do not yet have the knowledge or capacity to address trafficking in persons in terms of its multifaceted characteristics, notably its transnational character. The reliability of data on trafficking in humans remains a major problem. A number of countries have trafficking victim protection and assistance schemes that fulfill the requirements of the Protocol, but most do not. Cooperation among member states and among international organizations and member states is in its early stages and is critical to an effective response to transnational trafficking in humans. 30 notes