In order to better intervene in the lives of women suffering from IPV, it is important to understand the complex risk factors bearing on IPV. The current study drew on data from Project WAVE, a study focused on women’s health, HIV, and domestic violence among low-income women in Baltimore, to explore how IPV, HIV, and substance use are related to one another. Participants were 310 HIV-positive women and 301 demographically matched HIV-negative women who lived in low-income, urban neighborhoods and were recruited from outpatient clinics, a homeless shelter, and a community center. Survey instruments gathered information about their experiences of IPV, HIV status, and alcohol and other substance use. Results of statistical analyses indicated that HIV-positive and HIV-negative women experienced IPV at similar rates, although the two groups differed in their rates of substance use. Overall, the relationship between IPV and substance use was stronger for HIV-negative women. The findings support the hypothesis that drug use leads to physical IPV. Future research should focus on the development of comprehensive intervention strategies to address all three issues. Tables, references