Although physical and mental health problems are common for incarcerated youth, both before and during their custody, no studies have examined the status of health care for these youth after they are released into the community. This is an important issue, because any abrupt termination or disruption of the health care received while in custody could cause a relapse. Many youth released from custody do not have health insurance but are eligible for Medicaid. It is important, however, that a youth's application for Medicaid be processed in a timely manner to avoid an interruption of medical care after release while an application is being processed. Unfortunately, many States do not allow the application process to begin until after release, thus imposing a delay in medical care at a critical time. In addition to simplifying the application process and providing release planning, States could enroll delinquent youth in Medicaid more rapidly by allowing the application process to begin while the youth is still incarcerated. The time required to determine eligibility for Medicaid and enroll eligible youth for medical services could be reduced by eliminating the face-to-face interview, permitting mail-in applications, and allowing the self-verification of income. A system should also be implemented for suspending rather than terminating Medicaid benefits for youth who were receiving it prior to their incarceration. This would facilitate and expedite the resumption of Medicaid services after the youth's release. 59 references