If it is accepted by the European Union that those who are illegally trafficked across borders are recognized as victims, then there are important implications for policy change and responses to transnational organized crime. This chapter points to noteworthy developments for “victims” of sex trafficking in the European Union, which focus on the human rights approach to their needs. Recent policy initiatives by the European Union and nongovernmental organizations are discussed, noting the limitations of criminal justice reforms and witness-protection schemes and emphasizing the need for a reorientation of policy priorities towards the prevention of forms of organized crime, such as human trafficking. The problem of trafficking with respect to its definition, nature and extent, and origins are discussed, along with examining legislative and practical responses to trafficking. Lastly, the victimhood of trafficked women is contextualized with regard to the status of women in the European Union. Notes, references