In the Italian population sample (n=60), the study found 4 alleles and 7 genotypes for the Duffy and 6 alleles and 16 genotypes for the ABO systems. The lower limit for reproducible results was 200 pg DNA, with a range of up to 10 ng and an optimum at 1 ng. All of the 16 paternity tests were consistent with parentage, and 2 out of 4 inconsistencies with parentage cases were excluded by 1 or more SNPs. Although Duffy and ABO SNP typing produced less information than most current forensic tests, their robustness, limited population distribution of FY*Fy type and the sensitivity of the minisequencing technology indicate that these markers can be useful in selected forensic applications. In addition to the 60 unrelated volunteers in Bologna, 7 Masai from Kenya tested as controls. Duffy serotyping of samples was performed by hemagglutination methods with commercially available anti-Fya and anti-Fyb. Cotton cloth soaked in 0.5 ml saliva or semen and aged bloodstains that ranged from 4 to 13 years old with known phenotype were extracted by the QIAamp DNA micro-kit. ABO and Duffy assays were applied in 20 paternity cases. 4 tables, 2 figures, and 17 references