The role of Mexico in trafficking of cocaine and trafficking and production of methamphetamine has increased substantially over the past decade. Increased availability of these drugs at reduced prices has led to a parallel rise in local drug consumption. However, only recently has local use of these drugs become recognized as a public health problem. Previous studies have shown a direct link between use of these drugs and unsafe sexual behaviors and transition to injection. A study of the relationship between consumption, routes of administration, risky sexual behaviors, transition to injection, and needle-sharing behaviors in the Mexican context is recommended. Current and past studies indicate that the drug use scene in Mexico is complex and may vary between and within States. This article describes the role of Mexico as a transit route for cocaine and its increasingly important role in methamphetamine production and trafficking, as well as recent trends in the use of these drugs in Mexico. It discusses potential public health implications, given that both drugs have been associated with high-risk behaviors. Available literature is presented regarding the extent to which these risky behaviors accompany cocaine and methamphetamine use in the Mexican context. References